聚焦目标 设计任务

作者: 肖青

摘 要:小学英语教师在教学英语语篇时,将教学过程分为三个步骤:1.阅读前;2.阅读中;3.阅读后。在教学中,教师一定要聚焦各个环节的目标,设计合理有效的任务。

关键词:读前; 读中; 读后; 目标; 任务

中图分类号:G623.31 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1006-3315(2014)08-051-002

小学英语教师在进行英语语篇教学时,将教学过程分为三个步骤:1.阅读前;2.阅读中;3.阅读后。在这三个环节中设计任务时,教师一定要聚焦各个环节教学的目标,设计合理任务。下面笔者就几个教学片段谈谈这三个环节中任务的设计:

教学片段一:在教学《牛津小学英语》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板块的语篇时,笔者在“读前”环节中设计了以下的任务:

Task1:Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.

(1) I can do many things.

(2) I have many hobbies.

在学生根据句子说出相关句子时,教师就学生所说句子适时与生交流,如 Can you make a model ship for me? When do you play basketball? 等。

此环节任务设计的目标是激发学生的兴趣和求知欲,主要任务是“预测”,这样能激发学生的求知欲。而以上片断中只是交际性任务,没有达到此环节任务设计的目标,可将任务稍做修改:

Task1:

Brain Storm.: Please say some sentences according to the following sentences.

(1)I can do many things.

(2)I do many things on Saturdays and Sundays.

在学生根据所给句子说出相关句子时,教师适时与生交流,如

Can you sing well? Where do you play basketball?等。

Task2: Predict

T: Boys and girls, some students are in the classroom, they are talking about something. What are they talking about, please guess.

S: Are they talking about their teachers?

T: Maybe.

S: Are they talking about their classroom?

T: Perhaps.

在修改后的教学片段中,教师设计了两个任务,第一个是根据两句话说出相关句子。第二个是预测学生们所谈论的内容。教师加入预测环节,激发了学生学习语篇的兴趣。

教学片段二:在教学《牛津小学英语》5A Unit 4 Halloween A 板块的语篇时,有位教师在“读中”环节设计了以下任务:

Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.

1.( )Ben and his family are in the dining-room.

2.( )They would like buying things for a Halloween party.

3.( )Ben likes mask and lantern.

4.( )Ron likes horses masks, tigers masks and monkeys masks.

在以上片断中,第2-4条判断都有明显的语法错误,学生无需阅读语篇就能判断。

“阅读中活动”任务设计的目标是:通过阅读了解文本的大意,获取文本的细节性信息。而上述片断中的任务忽略了对语篇的整体理解和细节信息的把握。

可将上述任务做以下修改:

Task: Read the dialogue carefully and judge the sentences.

1.( )Ben and his family would like to buy things for a birthday party.

2.( )It’s Halloween tomorrow.

3.( )They buy some chocolate, some flowers, a vase, a pumpkin lantern and some masks.

4.( )Ben and Ron both like masks.

修改过的题目中第一题考察语篇的大意,第2,3,4题考察语篇的细节问题。学生完成此项任务后,能抓住语篇的框架,也获取细节信息,培养学生的阅读能力。

教学片段四:

在教学《牛津小学英语》5B Unit 8 At the weekends A 板块的语篇时,笔者在“读后”环节中设计了以下的任务:

Task:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.

Blackboard Design:

Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball

Mike go climbing listen to music go t o the cinema

Helen watch TV and do housework

Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes

Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies

在以上教学片断中,学生根据板书复述课文,在这个阶段中,教师更应该侧重训练学生运用语篇信息。笔者将任务做了修改:

Task1:Please retell the dialogue according to the blackboard design.

Wang Bing surf the Internet go swimming play basketball

Mike go climbing listen to music go to the cinema

Helen watch TV and do housework

Yang Ling go to the park clean the rooms wash the clothes

Su Hai and Su Yang watch cartoons catch butterflies

You can talk about one student’s weekend, or two students’

weekends, or all the students’ weekends, if you talk about one student’s weekend, you can get one star, if you talk about two students’ weekends, you can get two stars, if you talk about all the students weekends, you can get three stars.

Task2:学校大队部想要了解学生的周末生活,请你采访你身边的朋友,看看他们周末是怎么度过的吧。

在学生采访结束后做一个报告,可以使用一下句型:

My friend… likes, but …doesn’t, he/she likes…

在修改过的片断中,教师设计了两个任务,一是根据板书复述课文,学生可以选择其中一个或两个或全部人物。二是让学生采访身边的伙伴们周末是怎么度过的,再做一个简单的报告,这样为学生提供了学以致用的机会。

“阅读前活动”的目标是激发学生的求知欲,“阅读中活动”的目标是让学生通过阅读了解文本的大意和获取细节性信息,“阅读后活动”的目标是梳理语篇并将所学知识学以致用。在这三个环节中设计任务时一定要聚焦目标,设计合理有效的任务。

经典小说推荐

杂志订阅