主题引领:语篇教学中的绘本融合

作者: 顾洁

主题引领:语篇教学中的绘本融合0

摘要:英语绘本是教材之外优质的教学资源,可以更好地激发学生阅读兴趣,利于学生的语言习得和对内容的感知与理解。以主题为引领,选择适切的英语绘本,并将其与教材语篇融合:语言层面的融合,丰富主题表达;情感层面的融合,深化主题探究;价值观层面的融合,升华主题意蕴。

关键词:小学英语;英语绘本;语篇教学;融合教学

《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》(以下简称“新课标”)指出,“可以适当选用或开发教材之外的优质教学资源,以补充教材的教学内容”[1]“在开发素材性英语课程资源时,要注意选用具有正确育人导向的,真实、完整、多样的英语材料,如与教材单元主题相匹配的英语绘本、短剧、时文等学习材料”[2]。内容的组织以主题为引领,以不同类型的语篇为依托。[3]英语绘本图文并茂,语言地道,容易激发学生阅读兴趣,利于学生习得语言。而且,大部分英语绘本有主题、有寓意,蕴含丰富的育人价值,其生动的情节及隐含的思想有助于增进学生对内容的感知与理解。以主题为引领,选择适切的英语绘本,并将其与语篇教学融合,可丰富语篇学习内容,让学生在多元、丰富的语境中丰富主题表达,深化主题探究,升华主题意蕴。

一、语言层面的融合,丰富主题表达

基于对教材语篇主题意义的探究,教师需要关联主题,在语篇教学中适时嵌入英语绘本表达,加强学生对与主题表达相关语言的理解与储备,并在此基础上拓展运用,形成对主题的结构化认知,顺利输出,丰富主题表达。

译林版小学英语五年级上册Unit 3 Our animal friends中Story time板块的语篇主要讲述了几位小主人公Nancy、Mike、Liu Tao、Su Hai对自己动物朋友的介绍,属于“人与自然”的主题范畴,语篇主题为“热爱与敬畏自然,与自然和谐共生”。该语篇从动物的外貌和能力两方面介绍了fish、rabbit、dog、parrot四个动物朋友。为了介绍清楚它们,语篇引入重点句型“I have an animal friend.”“My animal friend is a ...”“It’s ...(颜色)”“It has ...(身体部位特点)”“It can ...(能力)”等,促使学生在使用相关句型、词汇的过程中,更深入地理解“人与自然和谐相处”的主题。为了帮助学生高效达成这一目标,教师引入绘本Mother,dear mother!。该绘本运用多个形容词和优美的句式描述不同动物妈妈的外貌和个性特点,再现它们爱孩子的不同方式,不仅提供了与语篇中介绍动物相契合的相关表述,还为学生输入了其他丰富又优美的语言,助力学生在“借用”绘本语言的同时潜移默化地提升语言能力。

教学中,教师首先带领学生回顾教材语篇中的相关知识,然后让学生快速阅读绘本,从中提取与语篇内容相关的语言素材,补给语言知识。教学片段如下:

师We have learned some animal friends in Story time. We know the animals from these aspects. Can you choose your favourite one and introduce it?

生I have an animal friend.My animal friend is fish. I like the fish. They are black and white. They have big bodies and big tails. They can swim well.

生I have an animal friend.My animal friend is parrot. It’s yellow and green. It has a big mouth and a long tail. It can talk to people.

师Today we’ll know more about our animal friends. We’ll read a picture book: Mother, Dear mother! Read the story quickly and circle the animals mentioned.

生Penguin, dolphin, fox, lion, giraffe, kangaroo, elephant, swan.

师Read the story again and circle the key words of each mother.

生Penguin:look funny when she’s walking.

生Dolphin:smart, swim fast.

生Swan:elegant, beautiful.

生Lion:look stern but kind to her babies.

生Kangaroo:strong legs, jump far.

生Giraffe:a long neck and tall.

……

师Choose one animal and finish the mind map in the group, then give an introduction of the animal.

生Look at the Swam Mother. She has two beautiful wings. She’s beautiful and elegant.

生Look at the Lion Mother. She looks stern but she’s kind to her babies.

生Mother Elephant is like a giant. But she’s gentle when playing with her babies.

生Mother Fox has a big and fluffy tail. She looks so fashionable.

师Good try! You can use more words to describe the animal friends.(出示图1)Look at the sentences here, read and compare.

师Which one do you like better? Why?

生I like the second one. It’s vivid.

生The second one. It reminds me to think of my mother.

师The sentence patterns in the picture book are the same:“Does a ... have a mother? Sure! A ... has a mother too. Just like you and me! She’s ... Is your mother ... too? ”How do you feel?

生I feel good.

生I can feel the great emotion that mothers love their babies.

生The language is so beautiful and interesting!

师Actually, language can be the poem and it’s so beautiful. We can feel the great emotion beyond it.

从上述教学可以看出,教师先带领学生复习已学词汇句型,然后引入绘本语言表述,引导学生模仿描述动物妈妈的样貌、特性等,使得学生在阅读绘本的同时,接收到了语篇之外的鲜活语言信息。在感知、比较、体验这些语言信息的过程中,学生不仅会用特定词汇描述动物的外貌,还会用其他更为丰富的词语和句型形容动物的性格特征。可以看出,学生对语篇涉及的语言知识点、技能点有了更深入的认知,表达也更加完整,实现了从语言知识积累到运用的顺利转化。

二、情感层面的融合,深化主题探究

教材语篇往往篇幅有限,寥寥数语便讲完了一个故事,无法让学生深入体会语篇蕴含的深层情感。而体悟语篇蕴含的深层情感,是指引学生把握主题意义的“关键项”。教师有必要引导学生打通英语绘本内容与语篇之间的“情感分割点”,与英语绘本中的角色共情,进而联系自身实际内化语篇情感,更为深入地理解语篇的主题意义。

Unit 3 Our animal friends语篇教学中,教师融入绘本Mother,dear mother!,指引学生有方向地寻找二者之间的情感连接线,更为有效地把握语篇所蕴含的情感。相关教学片段如下:

师We have learned “Our animal friends” and “Mother, Dear Mother!” Think about it: What makes mothers the same?

生They love us so much.

生Mothers are great!

师Yes! We are loved. We learn to love. Love is passing on. What’s your mother like? Can you write something about her? Let’s talk first.

生My mother is young and nice. But she’s sometimes strict with my study.

生My mother is fashionable. She likes shopping and she always buys me beautiful clothes.

生My mother is smart. She’s hard working too. She’s very busy but she usually takes me to the parks or zoos at weekends.

生My mother is tall and thin. She likes doing exercise after work. She takes care of me every day.

Our animal friends的语篇内容主要从外貌和能力两方面来描述动物。仅从这两个方面引导学生把握其中的情感内涵有一定的难度。教师引导学生关注英语绘本中反复出现的语句“A ... has a mother, just like you and me! Is your mother ... too?”,提示学生反复体会其中的情感。学生边读边思考,主动链接生活经验,逐渐从绘本中动物妈妈对动物宝宝独特的爱里,体会到了妈妈对孩子毫无条件的爱。融情入境,有感而发,学生又发现动物与人类有很多共通之处;动物妈妈对宝宝的爱,有时并不亚于人类,甚至高于人类;动物的相处模式,很多时候能够给予人类启示。在此基础上,学生交流分享,逐步提炼出了语篇所承载的深刻的主题意义:人类要与动物和谐相处,和谐共生;人类要爱护动物,保护动物,建立和动物的美好关系。