

浅谈初中英语单元话题下的“以读促写”
作者: 曹英摘要:初中单元话题写作在培养初中生写作能力方面占着举足轻重的地位。基于此,本文就初中英语单元话题下的“以读促写”的提出及如何进行具体操作等方面进行分析,并结合初中英语的教学实践,分析初中英语单元话题下的“以读促写”的重要性,探究提高教学效果的路径。
关键词:单元话题下的“以读促写”
引言:初中英语写作是对初中生英语学习方面综合素质,能力的考验,它涉及到语篇结构的分析,思维意义的定位,语句结构的使用等,是一个多层次,多角度的概念。写作能力的培养离不开有效的单元话题下的“以读促写”。英语学习活动的过程既是语言知识与语言技能整合发展的过程,也是文化意识不断增强,思维品质不断提升,学习能力不断提高的过程。教师只有在课堂教学中,始终把“以读促写”作为初中英语教学的主要内容,创造性地使用教材,在单元各个类型的新课中通过“读”不断挖掘写作素材,有计划,有策略,有系统地引导学生动笔,学生才能逐渐克服写作障碍,达到“文思泉涌”的境界。
一、问题的提出
为何要在英语教学中强调单元话题下的“以读促写”的重要性呢?根据笔者多年的教学实践发现:1.学生在考试中,最最没有把握的是写作,他们往往会在考试有限的时间内不知道写什么,即围绕写作话题,该开展哪些写作内容,他们也不知道怎么写,即使有了写作的内容,怎么运用地道的,精确的英语词句去描写。这些问题的解决,主要依赖于学生平时的“读”,即学生读到了什么好的想法及好词好句,可以用于这个话题写作的。2.老师在教学中,如何踏实地开展单元话题下的“以读促写”教学在某种程度上直接决定了最终学生的英语综合运用能力。
此外,新课标对初中英语写作的要求是:1.根据写作要求收集,准备素材。2.能独立起草短文,短信等,并在老师的指导下进行修改。3.能使用常规的连接词表示顺序和逻辑关系。4.能简单描述人物或事件。5.能根据所给图示或表格写出简单的段落或操作说明。可以看出,新课标对学生英语写作能力的要求也是比较高的,所以我们教师在教授每单元课文时,要时刻提醒自己这些课文对单元话题写作的作用是什么,只有读到精髓,我们的单元话题作文才能写的深刻,学生也才能真正将这单元所学内容内化,从而提高自己的英语综合运用能力。
二、单元话题下“以读促写”在单元课文中的具体操作
初中英语教材的单元话题非常贴近学生的生活。纵贯初中三年的教材,任何一个单元都有一个中心话题,即主题。教学中,我们不妨围绕中心话题,借助新课中的“读”来促进学生的“写”。
1.通过读,学会如何使文章结构更清晰
在阅读中,我们可以引导学生把握篇章结构,掌握连篇成段的方法,并把所“读”到的内容经过分解后作为自己写作的养料。例如:八上Unit7seasons:Task这课,写作的思路与内容是:1.Which is my favourite season? 2. The weather in this season. 3.The special sights in this season. 4. Special activities in this season and why. 5.My feeling.教学过程中,在读了Task之后,即对Task这篇范文分析之后,让学生模仿写作,因为有了阅读的铺垫,大大降低了学生写作的难度,学生知道在写季节时,该写些什么,也就是该围绕哪些方面去展开。如最终学生关于“夏”的作文为: In summer, the weather is very hot. The sun always shines brightly. And the temperature is always in the thirties.
However, children always have great fun in summer because summer is the best season for them to go swimming. They also enjoy the lazy afternoons by a pool, eating ice cream to feel cool.I have good memories of summer days. When I was young, I often played cards or chess with my friends under the shade of the big tree. Besides, sometimes I caught fish with my father in the quiet streams.
If you want me to choose a colour to describe summer, I think it’s red because red stands for being hot.
关于“秋”的作文为:
In autumn, the weather is becoming cooler and cooler. It’s neither too hot nor too cold. The temperature drops little by little.
I think autumn is the most beautiful season. It’s like a gentle girl dressed in golden clothes. In this season, leaves turn brown and fall into piles upon the ground, while a lot of fruit goes ripe. So we can eat different kinds of fruit in season.
People have a lot of interesting things to do in autumn. For example, farmers are busy harvesting crops. Also, autumn is a perfect time for people to go camping or hiking.
From my point of view, autumn is golden.
显而易见,学生已经掌握了写四季的文章结构,思路,他们也在极力变换句型和连接词,以使文章更出彩。
(1)通过“读”,积累素材
在单元新课教学时,引导学生将读的内容通过“升级”转换成文字是最基本,最有效的写作训练方式。对此,我让学生在“读”之后以思维发散的途径取得写作的信息。如八上Unit7seasons: Comic这课中,在读到在某个季节的气候,特别的景色和在该季节做什么时,发现教材的内容比较简单,所以我们可以在此基础上进行拓展,以便为单元话题作文:My favourite season服务。经过同学的“读”,老师提问:What’s the weather like in spring/summer/autumn/winter? What special sights can we see and what interesting activities can we do in spring/summer/autumn/winter?学生可以讨论出如下内容:In spring:1.weather: be warmer and warmer/sunny/windy/rainy2.special sights: flowers (come out); trees (turn green)3.special activities:enjoy the colourful flowers and green trees;smell the flowers and hear the birds sing;fly kites; plant trees; go on a spring trip
In summer: 1.weather:too hot; the sun (shines brightly) 2.special sights: dark green trees 3.special activities: go swimming; catch fish; eat ice cream; play cards/chess under the big tree
In autumn:1.weather: cooler and cooler; neither too hot nor too cold 2.special sights: leaves (turn brown/ fall down);fruit (goes ripe) 3.special activities: harvest crops; go camping/hiking
In winter: 1.weather: cold; snowy 2.special sights: snow sights 3.special activities: make snowmen; have snowball fights; watch the ice lanterns
当然,大部分同学在思考回答上述三个问题时,能通过“读”联想讨论出这么多素材已经实属不易,所以他们在回答时的句型,大多只是:The weather is---. We can see---. We can do---这些比较单一的句型。那么,此时,我们教师就可以跟学生一起讨论一些好的词句,句型等等。比如学生在说到活动时,会想到have fun doing sth; What great fun it is to do---;It’s ---to do---等句型,明显学生表达上了一个新台阶。句型讨论结束,可以提醒学生在写季节的天气,景色,活动时,可以设当加上些总起句,即中心句。如在描写春天天气时,中心句为:The weather is warmer and warmer in spring.然后再写:Sometimes it’s windy and sunny.在写春天景色时,中心句可以是:In spring, everything is full of energy.然后再描述:Flowers come out and trees turn green.在描写春天的活动时,中心句可以是:We have a lot of interesting things to do in spring.或者We always have great fun in spring.然后再描述具体的活动,在此过程中,启发学生避开单一句型:We can---.根据老师的提示并与学生的探讨,可以将活动描述如下:For example, spring is the best season to plant trees. Also, it’s a perfect time to smell the flowers and hear the birds sing. What’s more, enjoying the colourful flowers and green trees is a good way to relax ourselves in spring. If we have time, I think what great fun it is to fly kites or go on a spring trip.至此,口述的文章最终呈现为:In spring, the weather is becoming warmer and warmer. Sometimes it’s sunny or windy.